Python email

消息头

导入：

import email.header

编码：

email.header.Header(str, encoding).encode()

解码：

email.header.decode_header(str)

返回一个列表，其元素为一个 (bytes, encoding) 的二元元组。

解码邮件头

import re
import email.header

def decode_multiline_header(s):
  return ''.join(b.decode(e or 'ascii') for b, e in email.header.decode_header(re.sub(r'\n\s+', ' ', s)))

发送邮件

发送纯文本邮件：

import smtplib
from getpass import getpass

s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com')
status = s.login('xxx', getpass())[0]
if status == 235:
  msg = 'From: xxx@163.com\r\n'\
      'To: yyy@gmail.com\r\n'\
      'Subject: zzz\r\n'\
      '\r\n'
  msg += 'content'
  s.sendmail('xxx@163.com', 'yyy@gmail.com', msg)
q.quit()

发送附件，SSL连接：

import smtplib
from getpass import getpass
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = 'subject'
msg['From'] = 'user <user@gmail.com>' # ASCII only!
msg['To'] = 'other@gmail.com'

submsg = MIMEBase('application', 'x-xz')
submsg.set_payload(open(path, 'rb').read())
encoders.encode_base64(submsg)
submsg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=path)
msg.attach(submsg)

s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com')
s.login('user', getpass())
s.sendmail('user@gmail.com', 'other@gmail.com', msg.as_string())
s.quit()

注意： MIMEMultipart 等是 email.message.Message 的子类，其对象类似于键可重复的有序字典。使用 get_all 方法获取某个键的所有值， replace_header 可以更新第一个找到的头信息。

更复杂的示例

发送可选的 HTML 邮件。包括登陆到 SMTP 服务器的部分。适用于 Python 2 & 3：

# vim:fileencoding=utf-8

import re
import smtplib
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

smtp_host = 'SMTP server here'
mail_user = 'sender'
mail_pass = 'password'
mail_from = '名字 <%s>' % mail_user
addr_re = re.compile(r'(.*?)\s+(<[^>]+>)($|,\s*)')

def sendmail(msg):
    s = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_host)
    s.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
    # send_message is for Python 3.2+
    # s.send_message(msg)
    s.sendmail(msg['From'], msg['To'], msg.as_string())
    s.quit()

def assemble_mail(subject, to, html=None, text=None):
    if html is None and text is None:
        raise TypeError('no message given')

    if html:
        html = MIMEText(html, 'html', 'utf-8')
    if text:
        text = MIMEText(text, 'plain', 'utf-8')

    if html and text:
        msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative', _subparts = [text, html])
    else:
        msg = html or text

    msg['Subject'] = encode_header(subject)
    msg['From'] = encode_header_address(mail_from)
    msg['To'] = encode_header_address(to)

    return msg

def encode_header_address(s):
    return addr_re.sub(_addr_submatch, s)

def encode_header(s):
    return Header(s, 'utf-8').encode() if not eight_bit_clean(s) else s

def _addr_submatch(m):
    return encode_header(m.group(1)) + ' ' + m.group(2) + m.group(3)

def eight_bit_clean(s):
    return all(ord(c) < 128 for c in s)

参见

• Python
• Python 代码片断
• SMTP
• MIME

外部链接

• Python3 smtp 发送邮件 - erhuabushuo's Blog